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|parents = |birth_date = 20 Jumada al-Akhir 5 BH ( AD)〔 |birth_place = Mecca〔 |ethnicity = Hejazi Arab |relatives = Ibrahim (brother) |spouse = Ali ibn Abi Talib |children = |death_date = 3 Jumada al-Thani 11 AH () |resting_place = ''disputed'' |religion = Islam }} Fāṭimah bint Muḥammad (; (アラビア語:فاطمة) ';〔(:ˈfɑːtˤɪma, ˈfɑːtˤimæ, , fɑːˈtˤemæ, ˈfɑːt̪ˠɪmɐ); especially colloquially: (:ˈfɑːtˤma, ˈfɑtˤmɑ, ˈfɑːt̪ˠmɐ, ˈfɑːtˤme)〕 born c. 605〔〔 or 615〔Ordoni (1990) pp.42-45〕 – died 28 August 632) is the youngest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadijah, wife of Ali and mother of Hasan and Hussein, and one of the members of Ahl al-Bayt.〔"Fatimah", Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill Online.〕〔 She is the object of the veneration, love, and respect of all Muslims, as she was the child closest to her father and supported him in his difficulties, was the supporter and loving caretaker of her own husband and children, and was the only child of Muhammad to have male children live beyond childhood, whose descendants are spread throughout the Islamic world and are known as Sayyids. The 11th century dynasty ruling Egypt at the time of the Crusades, the Fatimids, claimed descent from Fatimah.〔 For Muslims, Fatimah is an inspiring example and Fatimah is one of the most popular girl's names throughout the Muslim world.〔The Heirs Of The Prophet Muhammad: And The Roots Of The Sunni-Shia Schism By Barnaby Rogerson ()〕 Fatimah is a vital character in the religion of Islam and is considered a role model for all Muslim women.〔(Companions of the Prophet By Abdul Hamid Wahid )〕 Although there is controversy regarding different sects of Islam as to her political role, she is the daughter of Muhammad and is loved and venerated by all Muslims.〔Our Liegelady Fatimah, the Resplendent By Habib Muhammad bin Abd ar Rahman As saqqaf al Husayni〕 ==Birth== Fatimah was born in Mecca to Khadija, the first of Muhammad's wives. There are differences of opinion on the exact date of her birth, but the widely accepted view is that she was born five years before the first Quranic revelations,〔 during the time of the rebuilding of the Kaaba in 605,〔Parsa, 2006, pp. 8–14〕〔(MSN Encarta article on Fatimah )〕〔(Encyclopædia Britannica )〕 although this does imply she was over 18 at the time of her marriage, which was unusual in Arabia.〔 Twelver Shia sources, however, state that she was born either two or five years after the first Qur'anic revelations,〔 but that timeline would imply her mother was over fifty at the time of her birth.〔 Fatimah had three Sisters namely Zainab, Umm Kulthum and Ruqayyah and two brothers Tayyab & Qasim respectively. Shias believe that Zainab, Ruqayyah and Umm Kulthum who the Sunnis believe to be the other daughters of Muhammad were actually the daughters of Hala, the sister of Khadijah, who were adopted by Muhammad and Khadijah at her death. A strong reason given by the Shi'a scholars for this belief is the event of (''Mubahala'') mentioned in the Quran, in which there is no reference of the presence of any other female apart from Fatimah, however Sunnis accept that Muhammad had four daughters all from Khadijah.〔Ordoni (1990) pp.32,42-44〕 Iranians celebrate Fatima Zahra’s birth anniversary which is also designated as Mother's Day in the country.〔http://en.mehrnews.com/detail/News/102655〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fatimah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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